Whatever its origins, chess was known to exist in India as early as 500 B.C., and it eventually spread 1 India to Persia, where it took on much of the terminology that today is part of the game. Foot soldiers 2 the Persian army were called piyadah, which became the pawns of today's game, and the Persian chariot was a rukh, which became the rook. The Persian king was the shah, which evolved 3 the name chess. Shahmat, which means “the king is dead' became the expression checkmate. This expression is used 4 the game to indicate that one player's king is on the verge 5 being captured.