e· ExamHubENGLISH WORKBOOK TRAINER
Section 10 · Theory

Extra word: find what breaks the sentence

The typical places where an unnecessary word hides — articles, prepositions, particles, to, auxiliaries, double linking words, repeated subjects — and how to tell a real extra word from an unusual but correct one.

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How the task looks

You get five sentences. Some of them contain one unnecessary word: if you delete it, the sentence becomes correct. You must choose all sentences that have an extra word — usually two, three or four.

Choose the sentences with an odd word.
1. Although the road was icy, but we drove to the village. — extra: but ✓ (choose it)
2. Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play football. — correct, nothing extra (do not choose)

Remember: here you choose the wrong sentences. A correct sentence must stay unchosen, even if it is long or sounds unusual.

Step-by-step method

  1. Read the sentence slowly, word by word. Do not read it quickly as a whole — the brain “fixes” small mistakes automatically.
  2. Look at the danger points listed below: articles, prepositions after verbs, particles, to, be / do, linking words, pronouns after who / which, comparatives.
  3. When you find a suspect word, name its job: what does it do in this sentence? Does another word already do the same job?
  4. Delete only that word and read the sentence again. It must become fully correct without any other change.
  5. If the sentence was correct already, or needs a different change (a missing word, a wrong form), it is not an extra-word sentence.

1. An extra article

✗ With an extra wordDeleteWhy
My sister has a curly red hair.ahair (on the head) is uncountable
He gave me a good advice.aadvice is uncountable
We climbed the Mount Aragats.thesingle mountains have no article
She speaks the English well.thelanguages have no article
They play the football every day.thesports have no article
We had the breakfast at eight.themeals usually have no article
He goes to the school by bus.theschool as learning, not a building
A people were waiting outside.Apeople is plural

2. An extra preposition

Some verbs take a direct object, with no preposition:

✗ With an extra wordDelete
We reached to the station at six.to
Let’s discuss about the plan.about
She entered into the room quietly.into
He married with a doctor.with
They attended at the meeting.at
He resembles to his father.to
Please answer to the question.to

Other typical extra prepositions:
- despite of the rain → despite the rain (but in spite of is correct)
- without of eating → without eating
- He left on the day before. → He left the day before. (also last week, next year, this morning, yesterday — no preposition)
- I went to home. → I went home. (also go abroad, go downstairs, go there)

3. An extra particle in a phrasal verb

A verb gets a particle (up, out, off, on) that is not part of the expression or changes the meaning:

✗ With an extra wordDeleteWhy
She was in such a hurry up that she forgot her keys.upin a hurry is a noun phrase; hurry up is a verb
The teacher explained out the rules to us.outexplain has no particle
Drinking out plenty of water is good for you.outdrink has no particle here
I will return back tomorrow.backreturn already means “come back”

4. An extra “to”

After these words use V1 without to:

Rule✗ With an extra word✓ Correct
modal verbs (can, must, should, will, might…)You must to try it.You must try it.
make / let + object (active)Don’t make me to laugh.Don’t make me laugh.
see / hear / watch / feel + objectWe watched the children to play.We watched the children play / playing.
had better, would ratherYou had better to go.You had better go.
did / does / do + notHe did not to answer.He did not answer.
why notWhy not to ask her?Why not ask her?

Careful: in the passive the to returns, and this is correct: She was made to wait. He was seen to leave. Help takes both forms: help me (to) carry.

5. An extra auxiliary, be or do

✗ With an extra wordDeleteWhy
I am agree with you.amagree is a verb, not an adjective
What was happened here?washappen cannot be passive
The film is depends on the book.isPresent Simple has no be
It was rained all night.wasrain has no passive: it rained
They were arrived late.werearrive has no passive

6. Two linking words for one link

One link between two clauses is enough:

✗ With an extra wordDelete
Although it was late, but we kept working.but
Though the hotel was cheap, but it was very clean.but
Because it rained, so we stayed home.so
Although she was tired, and she kept running.and
As soon as he arrived, then he called me.then

7. A repeated subject or object

After who, which, that the relative word is the subject or the object. Do not add another one:

✗ With an extra wordDelete
The woman who she lives here is a doctor.she
This is the book which I read it last week.it
My brother he works in a bank.he
The man whom I met him was friendly.him

8. Double comparison and double negative

✗ With an extra wordDelete
This road is more shorter.more
She is the most cleverest girl.most
It was much more better than before.more
I don’t know nothing about it.don’t (→ I know nothing about it)

Be careful with negatives: an extra-word sentence becomes correct by deleting one word only. I don’t know nothing → delete don’t → I know nothing ✓. He hardly never smiles cannot be fixed by deleting one word, so it is a different kind of mistake.

9. Not every unusual sentence has an extra word

These sentences are correct — do not choose them:

Correct sentenceWhy it is correct
I think that that idea is good.two different that: conjunction + determiner
He had had lunch before we came.Past Perfect of have lunch
The thief was seen to climb over the fence.passive of see somebody climb
Not only did she win, but she also broke the record.inversion after not only
It is not uncommon to see snow here in May.not uncommon = quite common
I do like your new haircut!emphatic do
I did it myself.reflexive for emphasis
If I were you, I wouldn’t go.were in type 2 conditionals
But for your help, we would have failed.but for = if not for
She told me she had posted the letter the day before.the day before without on

The most common extra words — summary

Danger pointTypical extra word
uncountable or proper nouna / an / the
reach, discuss, enter, marry, attend, answerto / about / into / with / at
despite, without, go home, the day beforeof / to / on
phrasal-looking expressionsup / out / down / back
modal, make / let, see / hear, had betterto
agree, happen, Present Simpleam / is / was
although, because, as soon asbut / so / and / then
who / which / thathe / she / it / him
comparativesmore / most

Worked example

  1. The children were made to tidy up their room. — correct: passive of make takes to. Do not choose.
  2. We discussed about the problem for an hour. — extra about. Choose.
  3. The man who he sold me the car was very polite. — extra he. Choose.
  4. Although the tickets were expensive, but we bought them. — extra but. Choose.
  5. She has lived in this town since she was a child. — correct. Do not choose.

Answer: 2, 3, 4.

Final checklist

  1. Have I read every word slowly?
  2. Have I checked the danger points: articles, prepositions after verbs, particles, to, be / do, double linkers, repeated pronouns, double comparatives?
  3. Can I name the job of the suspect word and the word that already does that job?
  4. Does deleting only that word make the sentence fully correct?
  5. Have I left unchosen the sentences that are correct, even if they look unusual?