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SECTION 04 · Word forms in context

Word formation

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Text 8Book 3 · Section 4 · 8 / 19
How to solve: Word formationGaps in a text where you choose the correct form of a word.

What it tests

Word formation: choosing the right part of speech (noun, adjective, adverb, verb) and the right prefix or suffix.

In the exam: part IV, 5 tasks.

Step by step

  1. Look at the word just before the gap: an article or possessive (a, the, his) usually needs a noun; be, become, very usually need an adjective.
  2. Look at the word after the gap: before a noun you usually need an adjective; after a verb you may need an adverb.
  3. Decide the part of speech, then choose the option with that ending.
  4. Check the meaning: positive or negative (un-, in-, im-, dis-, -less), singular or plural.
  5. Read the sentence again with the word in place.

Watch out for

  • Noun forms that look alike: success / succession, economy / economics.
  • -ed and -ing adjectives: bored (how I feel) / boring (what causes it).
  • Adjective instead of adverb after a verb: speak fluent ✕ / speak fluently ✓.

Example

…parents with a high level of ____ … a) education b) educational c) educate d) educated

a) education — after “a high level of” we need a noun.

Text 8
EXERCISE TEXT

Social scientists say that there are reasons why we judge people based on how they look. On a very basic level, judging people by their 1 means putting them quickly into categories. In the past, being able to do this was vitally important, and humans developed the 2 to judge other people in seconds. Susan Fiske, a professor of psychology at Princeton University, said that 3, most stereotypes are linked to judging whether a person looks 4 or not. “In prehistoric times, it was important to stay away from people who looked aggressive and dominant,” she said. One reason why our brains persist in using stereotypes, experts say, is that often they give us generally 5 information, even if all the details aren't right.

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